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Rapeseed clearing and pressing process
Rapeseed generally contains 3.9-5.2% nitrogen, 24.6% -32.4% protein, 5.7-9.6% cellulose, 4.1-5.3% ash and 37.5-46.3% oil, Rapeseed oil is the second largest oil variety in China.
Rapeseed contains a certain amount of erucic acid, which will affect the quality of rapeseed and rapeseed oil. Rapeseed also contains a certain amount of erucine, tannin and other chemicals, all of which have certain toxicity, so rapeseed cake needs to be detoxified before it can be used as feed.
"double low rapeseed",also named Canola,with low erucic acid, low glucosinolide, national standard is less than 3% erucic acid in oil, glucosinolide content in rapeseed should be less than 30 μ mol / g.
Double low rapeseed, because the content of glucosinolates per gram of vegetable cake is less than 30 micromoles, low glucosinolates are used as pig, chicken, fish and other compound feed. The protein content of double low rapeseed meal can be as high as 40%. At present, double low rapeseed is the main source of rapeseed oil.
Basic process:
Light impurity Big impurity Iron Mud & stone
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
Rapeseedl→air separation→screening→magnetic separation→Destoner→Seed Flaking→seed flake
1. Drying and cleaning process.
Rapeseed may be mixed with sand, soil, rape stem and leaf and other impurities in the process of harvesting or drying. If these impurities are not treated effectively, it will not only cause the quality of cake meal is poor, but also lead to the quality of oil. In addition, if the oil contains sand, mechanical impurities and so on, it will also cause damage to the oil pressing equipment. Therefore, in order to ensure the smooth progress of production, it is necessary to carry out certain impurity removal and cleaning before pressing.
The main results are as follows:
(1) according to the difference of specific gravity and aerodynamics between oilseed and impurity, the impurities in oil are separated by wind force. Wind separation can be used to remove light impurities and dust in oil, metal, stone and other heavy impurities, and can also be used for the separation of kernel shell after shell peeling. Characteristics: wind separation can be realized by adjusting the wind speed according to the physical properties of oil, which can remove impurities similar to dust very light, and can achieve better separation effect by adjusting wind speed. And wind selection has an irreplaceable role in other cleaning methods, such as screening.
(2) screening is to make use of the difference between oil and impurity in particle size, with the help of the relative movement of miscellaneous oil and screen surface, the impurities larger than or less than oil can be removed through the screen hole.
Characteristics: through the relative movement of the screen and the different selection of the screen surface, the large impurities and small impurities in the oil can be removed, and screening is a traditional cleaning process, which is simple and feasible. Good separation effect can be achieved.
(3) Magnetic separation is a method to remove metal impurities from oil by magnet. Although the content of metal impurities in oilseeds is not high, but their harm is very great, it is easy to cause damage to equipment, especially some high-speed running equipment, and may even lead to serious equipment accidents and safety accidents, so it must be cleared.
(4) the shape of parallel shoulder mud/stone is similar to or equal to that of oilseed, and the specific gravity is not significantly different from that of oilseed, which is called "shoulder mud". Rapeseed, sunflower seeds, soybeans, sesame seeds with shoulder mud content is more. The cleaning of shoulder mud is to make use of the different mechanical properties of mud block and oilseed. First, the oil seed containing shoulder mud is ground or smashed, that is, the mud is ground, and then the mud is screened or removed by wind. Characteristics: the impurities that are difficult to remove can be removed, after wrestling and grinding, and the shoulder mud can be easily removed, fan dust removal and rational use of equipment.
2.Seed Flaker
The purpose of seed flaking is to destroy the cell tissue of oil, increase the surface area of oil, shorten the distance of oil outflow, benefit the extraction of oil, and also improve the effect of steaming and frying.
During flaking, the effect of mechanical external force can be used to destroy the cell tissue of oil and destroy the cell wall of some cells. The billet makes the oil from grain to flake, reduces its thickness, increases its surface area, increases the contact surface between the flake and the solvent, and shortens the diffusion distance between the flake and the solvent, which is beneficial to improve the leaching speed and depth. Characteristics: the requirement for the flake is thin and uniform, less powder and no oil.
3.Steaming and frying is one of the effective methods to improve the oil yield of rapeseed, and it is also an important process in oil production. Raw rapeseed after heat treatment into the oil pressing equipment press called hot pressing, can improve the oil production rate. To a large extent, steaming and frying can have a certain impact on the oil yield of rapeseed and other oils.
4.Oil press section
Because the shape of rapeseed is different from other oils. Therefore, in the process of pressing, the requirements for snail and chamber pressing are also different from those of other oils. In production, snails are required to be serrated curves and cones, which is beneficial to the full destruction of rapeseed molecules and the maximum oil production.
5.The crude oil purification process
Crude Oil Cool water
↓ ↓
settling tank→ plate filter →cooling tank → settling tank →Micr-filter→final oil
Process description
Adopt low temperature filtering method, cooling to 15- 20 ºC,minimize volatilization loss of fragrance.
This method, Filtering out non-hydrophilic phospholipids adequately, make phospholipid content minimum, to improve the stability of the storage time.Also while filtering,because the micr-phospholipids could absorb the color,this filtering process could improve the final oil color.
(1) 1st filtering: Crude oil from settling tank is pump into the filter,to filter out the sludge,then go into for cooling and settling.
(2) 2nd filtering. After cooling and settling, moisture combined with aqueous phospholipids, goes into the Micr-filter for separation out polymerization of phospholipids.
After Micr-filtering , The oil has excellent transparency and improve the sensory index, at the same time, further improve the stability of storage life.
Rapeseed oil Refinery process
1.Rape seed oil hydrated
In crude oil most of impurity are phosphorus.
The existence of phospholipid and other colloidal substances can not only reduce the quality of oil, but also promote the transitional emulsification between oil and lye, increase the difficulty of separation of soap and aggravate the loss of neutral oil, so it should be removed first.
2.The deacification of Rape seed oil
Mainly to remove free fatty acids from crude oil, as well as a small amount of colloid, pigment and trace metal substances in oil.
De-acid operation is one of the important factors that directly affects the oil yield and quality of oil refined.
The most widely technology method is alkali refinery and deacification.
3.Rape seed oil decolorizering process
The pigment and other impurities in sunflower oil, must be removed out,to meet the product quality standard.
While providing more favorable conditions for deodorization .
The decolorizering method comprises the following steps of: decoloring to obtain the final color index of the product; removing the related pigment and the amount of metal; and further removing the trace amount of soap, the phospholipid and other colloidal impurities and certain off-flavor substances remaining in the oil, removing the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the residual pesticide, and reducing the oil quality peroxide value.
4.Deodorizer process
The purpose of deodorizing of sunflower oil is to remove the odorous substances and other volatile substances from the oil, to improve the smell and color of the oil, and to improve the stability of the oil.
The peculiar smell of oil, the peculiar smell produced in decolorization, the odor of produced by oil oxidation, etc.
In the deodorization stage, these unpopular odors are required to be removed by steam distillation at vacuum high temperature.
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