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Palm kernel extracting oil process
The composition and characteristics of palm kernels are very similar to coconut oil. The unrefined crude oil is yellowish and can be easily refined to obtain bright palm kernel oil, which is suitable for both food and non-food.
The melting point range of fatty acid components of palm kernel oil is 25.9 - 28.0, and the iodine value is 16.2 - 19.2. The range of fatty acid composition is c6 - c20. Lauric acid is the main fatty acid type, accounting for 46%-51% of the total components. The main components of TG are c36 and c38, and the others are less than 10%. The palm kernel oil is semi-solid when the ambient temperature is below 28 ºC. At lower temperature, the solid content is higher, but when the temperature increases to 30 ºC, the solid content will decrease rapidly.
The process
1.Dry & cleaning process.
In the process of harvesting or drying, sand, soil, stem and leaf and other impurities may be mixed. If these impurities are not effectively treated, not only the quality of cake will be poor, but also the quality of oil will be reduced. In addition, if the oil contains sand, mechanical impurities and so on, it will also cause damage to the oil pressing equipment. Therefore, in order to ensure the smooth progress of production, it is necessary to carry out certain impurity removal and cleaning before pressing.
2.Crusher /Flaker
The purpose of the rolling blank is to destroy the cell tissue of the oil, increase the surface area of the oil, shorten the distance of the grease from flowing out, be beneficial to the extraction of the grease, and also be beneficial to the improvement of the steaming and frying effect.
During billet rolling, the oil cell tissue can be destroyed and the cell wall of some cells can be destroyed by mechanical external force. The billet makes the oil change from grain to flake, reduces its thickness and increases the surface area. When the oil is extracted by solvent leaching, the contact surface between the billet and the solvent increases, and the diffusion distance of the oil is shortened, which is beneficial to improve the leaching speed and depth.
Features: its requirements for billet are thin and uniform, less powder, no oil.
3.Steamed and fried. Steaming and frying is one of the effective methods to improve the oil production rate, and it is also an important process in oil production. Raw palm kernels are heat treated and sent to the oil pressing equipment for pressing, called hot pressing, which can improve the oil production rate. To a large extent, steaming and frying can have a certain impact on the oil yield of palm kernels and other oils.
4.Oil press
Because the shape of palm kernels is different from other oils. Therefore, in the process of pressing, the requirements for snail and chamber pressing are also different from those of other oils. In production, molluscs are required to be serrated curves and cones, which is beneficial to the full destruction of palm kernel structural molecules and the maximum oil production.
Palm kernal oil refinery
Palm kernel oil, like coconut oil, does not need strict degumming, because its colloid content is very small, and it is easy to soap and increase refining consumption.
1. The filtered crude oil was heated to 30 -32 ºC and stirred at the rate of 30 - 60 r/min to remove the bubbles in the oil. Add 0.1% 0.2% phosphate (0.5% industrial phosphate) and stir for about 30 min.
2.The alkali was neutralized at 160 Baume degree, 1.5% liquid caustic soda with 1.5% oil mass and 0.5% liquid sparkling alkali mixture with oil mass. Stir quickly (60 r/min) for 10 min and then slow (27 r/min) for 40 min.
3.The precipitated was neutralized and stirred slowly for 40 min and then heated to 50 -52 ºC. After the oil soap was separated for about 10 min, the stirring stopped and the indirect steam was turned off. After 6 hours of static precipitation, the oil soap was separated.
.After washing, the purified oil was heated to 85 ºC under stirring, and then saline-alkali water (0.4% caustic soda and 0.4% industrial salt) was added with 15% oil mass and 90 ºC temperature. After adding water, stop stirring and release the lower wastewater after 30 min. After the wastewater is discharged, the oil temperature is still controlled at 35 ºC, and then 15% boiling water (clean water) is sprayed. At the same time, the stirring stopped after adding water, and then the lower wastewater was removed after 0.5 h. Wash so twice or three times.
5.Decolorization and pre-decolorization: the clean oil after alkali smelting is sucked into the pre-decolorizing pot and heated to 90 ºC by turning on the vacuum pump. Drying and dehydration at a vacuum of 99 kpa for 30 min. Then absorb a small amount of acidic clay and stir for 20 min.. After pre-decolorization, the oil is cooled to 70 ºC in vacuum, and then the gear pump is fed into the filter press for filtration. The pre-decolorized oil was sucked into the decolorizing pot, the oil was heated to 90 ºC at a vacuum of 99 kpa (above 740 mm hg), and the acidic clay was inhaled 100 kg, active clay 60 kg (according to 6 t oil). The oil was stirred for 10 min.. After decolorization, the oil is cooled to 70 ºC in vacuum and fed into the filter press by gear pump.
6.Deodorization turn on the vacuum pump to inhale the decolorizing oil into the deodorizing pot. When the indirect steam heats the oil to 90 °100 ºC, the direct steam begins to be sprayed, and when the oil temperature rises to 120 degrees, the residual pressure is maintained at 400 °666 pa, oil temperature of 150 °220 ºC, and deodorization is about 3- 5 h.
7. Cool down. After deodorization, the oil was cooled to 30 ºC in vacuum, and refined oil was obtained after safe filtration.
FAQ
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