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Palm oil is a kind of tropical woody vegetable oil, which is the largest variety of vegetable oil produced, consumed and internationally traded in the world at present. With soybean oil and rapeseed oil, it is also known as "the three major vegetable oils in the world". It has a edible history of more than 5,000 years.
The fresh palm fruit string is 100% of the total palm fruit string, the proportion of empty fruit string is 23%, the palm fruit is 65%), and the palm oil content of the whole palm fruit string is (26%), and the palm kernel oil content is 3.25%.
Preparation Technology and equipment of Palm crude Oil
The traditional process adopts steam brake fermentation, the technology is mature, the disadvantage is to produce a lot of wastewater, has a great impact on the environment.
The process mainly has the following sections. Raw material storage section: fresh palm fruit is measured and recorded into the factory by pound room, and the measured palm fruit string is unloaded to the loading slope and stored.
Sterilizer section: place palm fruit string in horizontal killing enzyme tank or vertical sterillizer for 90-120 minutes. The purpose of sterillizer is to destroy lipase to avoid the increase of free fatty acid content in oil; high temperature sterillizer can make the fruit soft and facilitate mechanical granulation; pretreatment of pericarp to prepare for subsequent processing; preconditioning of fruit core to reduce kernel damage.
sterillizer process: after palm fruit enters the sterillizer, closes thesterillizer to close the door quickly, opens the exhaust valve below the sterillizer, and then passes into the saturated steam of pressure 3bar (temperature about 145 ºC). After the cold air in the tank is basically discharged, close the exhaust valve and enter the cooking and sterillizer stage. The sterillizer time is generally 90 minutes. After sterillizer, close the intake valve, open the valve leading to the silencer, and drain the water and steam from the tank before opening the door of the sterillizer.
Threshing section:The purpose of threshing is to separate the oil palm fruit from the fruit string by strong vibration. The separated oil palm fruit is then fed to the cooking tank by the conveyor. The empty fruit string is discharged from the other end of the drum to the storage yard, or transported out of the plant for recycling of palm garden cover, or incineration on site as fertilizer to farmland.
Press section: after the above steps, palm fruit is sent to spiral press, oil brown fruit is divided into: oil, water, solid impurity mixture and cake (fiber and core). The continuous screw press is adopted. It has a horizontal box with holes, an 8-character cross-shaped box, with two screws in it, and a cake head at the slag discharge port of the box body. It can control the pressure to ensure that the residual oil in the cake is minimized, and it can also adjust the crushing rate of the fruit core to a reasonable range. Under the action of spiral pressure, the fried cake precipitated from the pulp tissue was extruded from the machine head, which contained the kernel (unruptured brown kernel oil), and the liquid part flowed out from the lower mouth. After filtration, it was sent to the butterfly centrifuge to obtain hairy palm oil. After pressing, the oil palm fruit is divided into two parts: the mixture of oil, water and solid impurities; the oil yield of fiber and kernel is 20% of crude palm oil and 2% of hairy palm kernel oil according to the fresh fruit of palm. The parameters of crude palm oil: orange color, semi-liquid oil, surface density (50 ºC): 0.8896 ≤ 0.8910, saponification value: (mgkoh/g oil) 190 × 202, iodine value (gz2/100g).
Crude oil purification section: this step is to get purer palm oil. The crude oil generally contains 66% oil, 24% water and 10% non-oil solid. The oil is washed by precipitation filtration and the fiber is separated from the oil. Then continuous precipitation clarification can be carried out to obtain oil and sediment. After centrifuge separation, the oil enters the vacuum to dry. Keep after drying. The precipitates are clarified twice, the oil precipitates are filtered, the contaminated oil is separated, the oil is settled twice, the dirty oil mixture is clarified and separated, and the skimmed oil is secondary settled. the sewage WeChat pump is treated with the sewage treatment tank.
The second treatment method: the wool brown oil is filtered by vibrating screen, and then the crude slag such as fiber is removed and then flows into the tank with indirect steam and direct steam. After purification, the mixture of brown oil and water is injected into the high tank by centrifugal pump to steady flow into the clarification tank. The clarified oil flows into the oil storage tank from the outlet of the clarified tank, removes the water from the oil through the disc separator, then cleans the oil through the plate heat exchanger, heats to 105 ºC, and drains the residual water in the oil from the vacuum dryer. The oil in vacuum drying is sucked by the shielded electric pump at the bottom and pumped to the storage tank.
The basic standard of palm crude oil in storage tank is that the acid value is less than 5%, the moisture content is between 0.1% and 0.2%, and the impurity should be less than 0.02%.
Fiber, fruit nut separation section: press cake through screw conveyor broken, into the air separation system. The separated fibers are sent to the boiler room as fuel. The kernels are transported to the warehouse for temporary storage. After the fiber cake residue falls into the broken cake winch, the cake residue is dispersed through the intermittent blade of the hanging dragon. In the process of forward transportation, the cake residue water vapor evaporates, and finally falls into the fiber and nuclear separator. The suction system composed of centrifugal fan and air net carries the fiber to the boiler room for combustion, while the brown core with larger specific gravity falls into the bucket hoist from the fiber and the other part of the nuclear separator and is transported to the nuclear seed tank, in which the wet core can be further blown dry by blowing air.
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